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Resumen : La reflexion historiografica sobre Syme y su Roman Revolution no ha puesto de relieve suficientementela trascendencia de su perspectiva sobre Italia. Para Syme, Augusto habria hecho que Roma, identificadacon la oligarquia silana monopolizadora de los cargos publicos, fuera derrotada por Italia, identificada con sus elites, ahora llamadas a participar en el nuevo sistema politico. Mas alla de la critica historica de un modelo reduccionista y precario,se propone la confluencia en Syme de la herencia de modelos nacionalistas de las identidades, de su aplicacion mommseniana a Italia, de perspectivas imperialistas y de modelos de inspiracion mussoliniana caracteristicos del periodo de Entreguerras. La continuidad de los modelos nacionalistas da cuenta tambien de la falta de critica suficiente a este aspecto central en su pensamiento. Palabras clave : Syme, Roman Revolution , Augusto, Roma, Italia, nacionalismo e identidades, elites, Mommsen, imperialismo, Mussolini, historiografia, Baja Republica romana. Abstract : Historiographical reflection on Syme and his Roman Revolution has not sufficiently highlighted the importance of his perspective on Italy. Under Augustus, Rome, i.e., the Sullan oligarchy monopolizing public office, would have been defeated by Italy, i.e., the Italian elites, when finally called to participate in the new political system by Augustus. In addition to highlighting the need for historical criticism of such a reductionist and precarious model, this paper also points to the confluence in his thought of inherited nationalist models of collective identities, their mommsenian application to Italy, and imperialist and even Mussolinian perspectives. The continuity of nationalist models also explains the lack of sufficient critical approaches to this central aspect of Syme’s thought Key words : Syme, Roman Revolution , Augustus, Rome, Italy, nationalism and identities, elites, Mommsen, imperialism, Mussolini, historiography, Late Roman Republic.

La “unidad de Italia” y el Augusto de Syme: nacionalismo, fascismo y élites en el periodo de entreguerras