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Resumen : Objetivo: Identificar metodos o estrategias efectivas de comunicacion con individuos conscientes sometidos a ventilacion mecanica invasiva. Metodo: Revision de la literatura. Se efectuo una busqueda sensible entre los meses de febrero-abril de 2016. Bases de datos bibliograficas usadas: MEDLINE, CINAHL, LILACS y CUIDEN PLUS. Periodo de busqueda: enero de 1996 a marzo de 2016. Idioma: se seleccionaron articulos publicados en ingles y espanol. Se excluyeron revisiones de la literatura, revisiones sistematicas y tesis de master o doctorales. Solo se incluyo poblacion adulta. Estrategias de busqueda : descriptores del Medical Subject headings (MeSH) y descriptores en Ciencias de la Salud (DeCS) de BIREME. Los terminos utilizados en ingles y espanol fueron: mechanical ventilation, artificial respiration, communication, intensive care, critical care. Se emplearon sinonimos para refinar la busqueda. Resultados: Se han identificado 11 manuscritos que examinan metodos o estrategias de comunicacion. Los metodos mas comunmente utilizados para el establecimiento de la comunicacion fueron: uso de gestos, la expresion facial, el lenguaje corporal, los movimientos de cabeza, apretar las manos, el tacto, ademas del uso de materiales como el lapiz y papel, las letras del alfabeto y las pizarras de palabras e imagenes. Discusion y conclusiones: Las enfermeras deben estar capacitadas para la aplicacion de estrategias. La valoracion individualizada del paciente, identificar la estrategia que se adapte mejor a la situacion clinica de la persona, asi como la combinacion de varias estrategias comunicativas pueden contribuir a una comunicacion mas efectiva. Palabras clave: Comunicacion, Ventilacion mecanica, Respiracion artificial, Cuidados criticos, Cuidados intensivos Abstract : Objective: To identify methods or effective communication strategies with conscious individuals undergoing invasive mechanical ventilation. Method: A literature review was carried out. A sensitive and specific search (February 2016 to April 2016) was driven into MEDLINE, CINAHL, LILACS and CUIDEN-PLUS databases. Search limits: publishing period (January 1996 to March 2016), language (articles in English and Spanish). Literature reviews, systematic reviews and master's and doctoral thesis were excluded. Only adult population was included. Search strategies: descriptors of Medical Subject Headings (MeSH) and Health Sciences Descriptors (DeCS) of BIREME used were: mechanical ventilation, artificial respiration, communication, intensive care, critical care. Synonyms to refine the search were used. Results: 11 manuscripts providing methods or communication strategies were found. Most commonly used methods for establishing communication were: use of gestures, facial expressions, body language, head movements, shake hands, touch and the use of materials like pencil and paper, letters of alphabet and blackboard with words and images. Discussion and conclusions: Nurses should receive training to implement strategies. Individualized patient assessment, identify the best strategy for the clinical state of the patient as well as the combination of various communication strategies can contribute to a more effective communication. Keywords: Communication, Mechanical ventilation, Artificial respiration, Intensive care, Critical care

revista española de comunicación en salud

Estrategias e instrumentos de comunicación con pacientes en ventilación mecánica invasiva. Revisión de la literatura = Strategies and Tools for communicating with patients undergoing invasive mechanical ventilation. Literature review