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Resumen . A raiz de las recientes movilizaciones y reivindicaciones feministas en Espana y la polemica sentencia del caso la Manada , vuelve a surgir la necesidad de reformar el codigo penal en lo relativo a la violencia sexual. De acuerdo con los desarrollos del Feminismo Legal, es precisamente en los casos de violencia sexual contra las mujeres donde mas interfieren los estereotipos de genero, que no solo influyen en las mentalidades y respuestas de las institu­ciones, sino que se encuentran enraizados en las propias leyes y normas juridicas. Con el fin de garantizar una mayor proteccion a las mujeres supervivientes de violencia sexual en Espana, urge, por un lado, armonizar la legislacion y las practicas institucionales con los estandares minimos establecidos en derecho internacional de los derechos humanos. Esto permitiria, de entrada, redactar una definicion de violencia sexual basada en el consentimiento. Por otro lado, deberia considerarse la violencia sexual como una forma de violencia de genero, teniendo en cuenta que esta afecta a las mujeres de forma desproporcionada. Dicha asimilacion permitiria brindar mayor proteccion a las supervivientes y garantizar que sus casos sean tratados con perspectiva de genero, es decir, apreciando el contexto de violencia sistemica y desequilibro en las relaciones de poder entre generos en los que se enmarcan. De lo contrario, se seguira obstruyendo el derecho de las mujeres a acceder a la justicia. Palabras clave : violencia sexual, violencia de genero, estereotipos de genero, consen­timiento, victimizacion secundaria, control de convencionalidad. Abstract . Following recent feminist demonstrations and aspirations in Spain, as well as the controversial judgment in the case la Manada , the necessity to reform the Spanish criminal code insofar as it refers to sexual violence becomes increasingly evident. Legal feminist theo­ries suggest that especially cases of sexual violence against women are strongly influenced by gender stereotypes. Such stereotypes do not only influence the institutions’ mentalities and responses, they are embedded in laws and judicial principles. With the purpose of ensuring better protection of sexual violence survivors in Spain it is imperative, on the one hand, to harmonise the legislation and institutional practices with minimum standards established in international human rights law. This would allow for a definition of sexual violence based on consent. On the other hand, sexual violence should be considered as a form of gender-based violence, considering that it affects women disproportionately. Such assimilation would allow for a greater protection of survivors and guarantee that their cases would be treated from a gender perspective, in other words, taking into account the context of systemic violence against women and unequal power relations between genders in which they are inscribed. Otherwise, women’s access to justice will still be obstructed. Keywords : sexual violence, gender-based violence, gender stereotypes, consent, second­ary victimisation, conventionality control.

femeris

La violencia sexual como violencia de género: una perspectiva desde el derecho internacional de los derechos humanos = Sexual violence as gender-based violence: an international human rights law perspective