English (United Kingdom)

https://curated-unify.zendy.io/wp-json/zendy-region/v1/featured_content/oa?rat=en

https://curated-unify.zendy.io/wp-json/zendy-region/v1/highlighted_journal/

Global: Zendy Plus annual

Presents the access of premium content as premium feature

Premium Content

Presents the keyphrase highlighting as premium feature

Keyphrase Highlighting

Presents the summarisation as premium feature

Summarisation

Insights

Presents the pdf analysis as premium feature

PDF Analysis

Presents the zaia usage as premium feature

ZAIA

Global: Zendy Tools annual

Global: Zendy Free Plan

Global: Zendy Tools monthly

Global: Zendy Plus monthly

Viktorya donemi elestirmenleri, Ingiliz elestiri kuraminin 20. yuzyildaki bilimsel ve yontembilimsel olusumundan once, kuramin gelisimine yonelik son buyuk adimi atmislardir. Viktorya donemi elestirisi ayrica cagdas edebiyat kurami ve elestirisine gecisi ve bu gecisin modern kuram ve elestirisinde son bulusunu temsil eder. 19. yuzyilda bir donem boyunca farkli sanatsal ve yazinsal akimlarin bir arada bulunmasi elestirinin yazinsal surecten ayrilmasina yol acmistir. Elestirinin yazinsal uygulamalardan ayrilmasi yazinsal turlerin cesitliliginden de kaynaklanmaktadir. Fakat oncelikle elestirinin yazindan bagimsizligi, yaratici ve elestirel yazinin elestirmenlerin bilimle yazinsal elestiriyi birlikte ozumsedikleri felsefi dusuncelerdeki, toplumsal kuramlardaki ve bilimsel ilerlemelerdeki cesitlilik ve karmasikligin etkisi altinda kalmasindan dogar. Elestirinin yazindan bagimsizliga dogru ilerleyisi tursel olarak olusumuyla ve kendi icindeki cesitlilikle baglantilidir. Viktorya donemi elestirisini siniflandirmak neredeyse olanaksiz olsa da, yasamoykusel, toplumbilimsel, tarihsel, olgucu, gercekci, dogalci, izlenimci, guzelduyusal, torel, insancil ve benzer elestiri kuramlarini da kapsayan romantik kuram, etkisini hala surdurmektedir. Viktorya donemi elestirel sistemlerdeki farklilik Walter Pater, Matthew Arnold ve Henry James gibi yazar-elestirmen ve John Ruskin gibi usta elestirmenlere ait farkli elestirel dusuncelerin varliginin bir sonucudur. Bu elestirmenler, meta elestirmenlerinin elestiri uzerine elestirel dusunceler uretmesi gibi, sanata ve/veya yazina odaklanirlar. Bu yazinin amaci, onlarin elestirel konumlarinin onemini ve Viktorya donemi elestirisinin durumunu ortaya koyan dusunceleri incelemektir. Anahtar Sozcukler : Viktorya Donemi, Yazin Yaklasimlari, Yazinsal Elestiri, Yazin Kurami, Yazinsal Tarih, Metaelestiri, Elestirmen, Yazar- Elestirmen. VICTORIAN CRITICS AND METACRITICS: ARNOLD, PATER, RUSKIN AND THE INDEPENDENCE OF LITERARY CRITICISM Abstract : The Victorians provide the last major step in the advancement of English critical theory before its twentieth century establishment as a scientific and methodological discourse. It is also true to assume that Victorian criticism represents the transition to or culminates in modern literary theory and criticism. In the nineteenth century, the co-existence of different artistic and literary trends during one period leads to the separation of criticism from literary process. The separation of criticism from literary practice is also a result of the diversity of literary forms. But primarily the independence of criticism from literature is acquired by creative and critical writing confronting and falling under the influence of diversity and complexity of philosophical thought, social theories and scientific advances, where critics attempt to assimilate science to literary criticism. The route of criticism towards independence from literature means its own diversification and organization as a typology: although it is almost impossible to categorize Victorian criticism, it is Romantic theory still being influential, to which biographical, sociological, historical, positivist, realistic, naturalistic, impressionistic, aesthetic, moral, humanistic, and other types of criticism are added. The diversification of the critical systems in the Victorian Age is the result of the massive presence of different critical voices belonging to both professional critics, like John Ruskin, and writer-critics, like Walter Pater, Matthew Arnold and Henry James. Among others, they are critics focusing on art and/or literature as well as metacritics providing critical commentary on criticism. To reveal the significance of their critical status and disclose their ideas showing the condition of Victorian criticism represent the aim of the present paper. Keywords : Victorian Age, Approaches to Literature, Literary Criticism, Literary Theory, Literary History, Metacriticism, Critic, Metacritic, Writer-Critic.