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Abstrak. Pemanfaatan lahan gambut untuk pertanian berkembang pesat seiring dengan adanya Proyek Pembukaan Persawahan Pasang Surut (P4S) pada tahun 1969-1984 dan Pembukaan Lahan Gambut (PLG) Sejuta Hektar tahun 1995-1999. Luas lahan gambut di Indonesia sekitar 14,95 juta hektar, di antaranya 2,5 juta hektar telah dimanfaatkan untuk pengembangan pertanian. Lahan gambut mempunyai sifat dan watak tanah spesifik yang berbeda dengan tanah mineral umumnya, antara lain adalah (1) permukaan tanahnya mudah mengalami penurunan (ambles), (2) mudah kering tak balik, (3) daya hidrolik secara horizontal lebih besar daripada vertikal, dan (4) daya dukung beban sangat rendah. Pertanian berkelanjutan adalah upaya dan kemampuan untuk mempertahankan produksi pertanian secara optimal pada tingkat pengelolaan (input) minimal. Konsep pertanian berkelanjutan di lahan gambut bersifat dinamis mengingat pertanian berkembang sesuai dengan pilihan dan tuntutan. Pilihan terkait dengan kebijakan strategis nasional (pemerintah) dan pengelolaannya tergantung pada isu-isu global yang berkembang seperti penurunan emisi gas rumah kaca, pembangunan ekonomi hijau, pertanian bioindustri dan sebagainya. Pengelolaan lahan gambut untuk pertanian terkait dengan faktor biofisik dan faktor sosial ekonomi yang saling pengaruh satu sama lain. Faktor biofisik meliputi (1) tanah, (2) air, (3) tanaman, dan (4) lingkungan hidup, termasuk (5) hama dan penyakit tanaman. Faktor sosial ekonomi meliputi (1) keuntungan komparatif, (2) persepsi masyarakat dan (3) kondisi sosiologis. Pertanian berkelanjutan di lahan gambut memerlukan implementasi antara lain: (1) perbaikan sistem pengelolaan lahan dan tanaman, (2) peningkatan nilai tambah, (3) penguatan kelembagaan, dan (4) dukungan kebijakan. Abstract. Utilization of peatlands for agriculture is growing rapidly in line with the opening of Paddy Tidal Project (P4S) in 1969-1984 and the Opening of the Peatland (PLG) Million Hectare in 1995-1999. The area of peatland in Indonesia around 14.95 million hectares, of which 2.5 million hectares are used for agricultural development. Peatlands have the nature and character of different specific soil with mineral soil generally, among other things: (1) subsidence, (2) irreversible drying, (3) horizontal hydraulic conductivity is greater than the vertical, and (4) bearing capacity is very low. Sustainable agriculture is the effort and the ability to maintain optimal agricultural production at the level of management (inputs) minimum. The concept of sustainable agriculture on peatlands is dynamic given agriculture developed in accordance with the choice and demands. Options related to national strategic policy (government) and its management depends on global issues that develop as a decrease in greenhouse gas emissions, green economic development, agriculture bioindustry and so on. Management of peatlands for agriculture-related biophysical and socio-economic factors that mutually influence each other. Biophysical factors include (1) land, (2) water, (3) plants, and (4) the environment, including pests and plant diseases. Social and economic factors include (1) a comparative advantage, (2) public perception and (3) sociological conditions. Sustainable agriculture on peatlands requires implementation include: (1) improvement of the land and crop management systems, (2) an increase in value added, (3) institutional strengthening, and (4) support the policy.

Prospek Pertanian Berkelanjutan di Lahan Gambut: dari Petani ke Peneliti dan Peneliti ke Petani