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In recent years, cutaneous microcirculation gained considerable interest for the assessment of microcirculation function and dysfunction mechanisms. Laser Doppler Flowmetry (LDF) is a noninvasive and widely employed technology to study microcirculation. It provides a complex signal that may be decomposed by wavelet analysis into several components at characteristic frequency ranges. These are related to the heart (0.6 Hz to 2 Hz), respiration (0.15 Hz to 0.6 Hz), myogenic activity in the vessel wall (0.052 Hz to 0.15 Hz), sympathetic activity (0.021 Hz to 0.052 Hz) and endothelial (nitric oxide-mediated) activity (0.0095 Hz to 0.021 Hz). A group of 30 healthy (22.3 ± 3.1) years old subjects , giving previously informed consent, tested two perfusion-restricting protocols which allowed us to study the circulatory response in the lower limb: (1) passive leg elevation from the supine position for 10 minutes, (2) inflated cuff occlusion at the ankle level for 3 minutes from the sitting position. The LDF signal was partitioned using a Morlet wavelet model. Data analysis revealed significantly lower components’ amplitudes for both protocols during provocation, with consistently lower values for protocol 1 in relation to protocol 2. Significant gender differences were found for protocol 1 but not for protocol 2. These results demonstrate the usefulness of the wavelet analysis to assess each LDF signal component as part of the physiological response to the lower limb microcirculation regulation.

The wavelet transform as a tool for the characterization of the vascular response in the human lower limb