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The improvement of the genetic potential of cattle in Burkina Faso has been based on crossbreeding programs with exotic breeds through the promotion of artificial insemination (AI) for a quarter of a century. Nevertheless, the adaptation of the resulting mixed-breed calves is controversial both in periurban and traditional breeding. The objective of this study was to determine the survival rate and aptitudes of F1 crossbred calves from crosses between Brown Swiss and Fulani Zebu cattle in farms in the Cascades region of Burkina Faso. The study was conducted on 142 calves in 60 extensive and semi-intensive farms between October 2013 and August 2017. The animals underwent rigorous health monitoring and received improved feeding thanks to a local fodder production. The calf survival rate at 42 months was estimated at 88% with a significant difference (p < 0.05) between seasons during preweaning, and between farming systems during postweaning. A total of 26.76% of the F1 crossbreds were affected by cowdriosis, dermatophilosis, foot and mouth disease or trypanosomoses before and after weaning. Hardy (82.4%) with a normal heart rate (85.6%), the crossbreds were docile and affectionate (64.8%). The F1 males and females were potential breeders and true herd drivers, respectively. Females are used from the outset to improve milk production, but the use of males in crossbreeding must avoid inbreeding in the herds. The survival of crossbreds requires permanent health monitoring and good husbandry practices. However, considering the high survival rate, good adaptation and docility of the crossbreds, AI is able to improve cattle production in Burkina Faso.

Survie et aptitudes des veaux issus de croisements entre Brunes des Alpes et Zébus Peuls dans la région des Cascades au Burkina Faso