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Studies of the ecology of micro-organisms began only recently despite their intrinsic importance — both practical and theoretical — and their central role in forming the niche habitats of macro-organisms. Plant-fungi interactions offer a relevant model for studies of the ecology of micro-organisms interacting with macro-organisms because of their considerable ecological and economic value as well as their high taxonomic and ecological diversity. Using next-generation sequencing (NGS) and network analysis, we explored some of the drivers of fungal community composition in Corsica, at various scales and in three ecological guilds: ectomycorrhizal, endophytic and saprotrophic fungi. We investigated the effects on fungal communities of disturbance (e.g. fire and treefall), environmental variables (e.g. soil depth), constraints due to interactions with host plants (e.g. taxonomy) and dispersion. Some patterns of community assembly are similar across guilds and may be governed by the same mechanisms. We found wide variations in fungal communities at the micro-regional scale among the guilds studied and between forests with a different history of wildfires. However, the relative importance of assembly processes and the spatial scales at which they occur vary across guilds. In Corsican pine forests, fifteen years after a fire, the diversity of soil fungus is close to the diversity in unburned stands. Despite the absence of effects on diversity, fire produces clear shifts in the composition of soil fungus communities, in particular for saprobic fungi. We discuss the implications of these findings for plant and fungal community ecologists and for managers of natural areas.

Déterminants de la structure des communautés fongiques dans les forêts de Corse : rôle des perturbations et de la composition forestière