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Cocoa production in Cameroon has devel-oped from complex agroforestry systems. After a long period of stagnation from 1963 to 1993, production doubled over the next two decades. Which are the farm-ers driving the growth and dynamics of cocoa production? What are the strategies and production methods behind their suc-cess in reviving the sector and doubling production over such a short time? To find answers to these questions, we organised semi-directive interviews with 82 farmers representing the different types of plan-tations in central Cameroon, the country’s main cocoa-growing region. Our results show that the production boom in the study area is largely based on the rise of capitalistic farming based on salaried labour, with a new type of plantation owner investing large amounts of financial capital, of urban provenance, to create large-scale plantations along pioneer fronts. These findings led us to analyse developments in these agroforestry sys-tems with a closer focus on interactions between the different forms of production (family farms, salaried labour, capitalist ventures) and between the new patterns of capital accumulation developing in both rural and urban areas.

Systèmes agroforestiers à cacaoyers et transition capitaliste : l’exemple du Centre-Cameroun