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Este articulo considera las transformaciones de los usos del concepto “totalitarismo” en el espacio liberal-conservador argentino y sus implicancias. Primeramente, se exponen partes del debate liberal de posguerra a nivel internacional para enfatizar una interpretacion ampliada de los fenomenos totalitarios que incluia, ademas de los regimenes nazi-fascistas y comunistas, ciertos rasgos de la propia democracia. Luego, se muestra como esta concepcion ampliada fue adoptada en la Argentina a traves de dos operaciones conceptuales: los liberal-conservadores resaltaron los atributos totalitarios de la democracia argentina (tal como era practicada los partidos politicos mayoritarios) y ofrecieron una concepcion binaria de lo democratico (segun la cual existiria una democracia republicana y liberal, respetuosa de de los derechos civiles y otra democracia desbordada, populista y potencialmente totalitaria). En este sentido, para los liberal-conservadores, el retorno del peronismo por la via electoral constituyo un fantasma que amenazaba la democracia verdadera, la cual debia ser defendida de ese enemigo intimo. The intimate enemy: liberal-conservative uses of totalitarianism in Argentina between two peronisms (1955-1973) This article considers the transformations of the concept “totalitarianism” in Argentina liberal-conservative thought, and its main implications. Firstly, some parts of the international post-war liberal debate are summarized in order to emphasize a broadened interpretation of totalitarian phenomena that not only includes Nazi-fascist and Communist regimes, but also points to the totalitarian traits of Democracy itself. Secondly, it is shown that Argentina’s liberal-conservative intellectuals incorporated this notion of totalitarianism through two moves: they highlighted the totalitarian attributes of Argentine Democracy as it was practiced by majoritarian political parties, and they presented a binary conception of Democracy, according to which there would be a true and desirable Democracy (liberal, moderate and respectful of civil rights) and a false and execrable Democracy (populist, excessive, and potentially totalitarian). For liberal-conservative intellectuals of Argentina, the return of Peronism by elections was like a phantom that threatened the true democracy, a democracy which should be defended of this intimate totalitarian enemy.

The intimate enemy: the liberal-conservative uses of totalitarianism in Argentina between two peronisms (1955-1973)