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Both inadequate and excessive iodine intake may lead to thyroid dysfunction or disease including cretinism, endemic goiter, intellectual impairments, increased miscarriages and infant mortality when inadequate and autoimmune disease and iodine induced hyperthyroidism when in excess. Objective: To assess the urinary iodine concentration (UIC) of school age girls (SAG) aged 8–12 years and women of reproductive age (WRA) 15-49 years in a rural population of lower Eastern Kenya. Methods: A descriptive household cross-sectional survey was undertaken among 176 healthy female children and 175 non-pregnant, non-lactating women who consented to participate in the study. Casual urine samples were collected and analyzed using the Sandell Kolthoff reaction method. Results: Median spot UIC levels were high in both girls (414 μg/L, IQR 229 to 644) and in women (515 μg/L, IQR 257 to 814), indicative of excessive iodine intake in both population groups. Thirteen percent (13.0%) of SAG and 7.4% of WRA had UIC values below 100 μg/L, while 41.7% and 52.5% SAG and WRA respectively had UIC in excess of 500 μg/L. Statistically significant difference was found between level of education and UIC in both SAC (P < 0.05) and women (P < 0.05) and the UIC in SAC, but not WRA, was correlated to age (P < 0.001). Conclusion: Presence of high urinary iodine concentration is observed in this population.

Inadequate and Excessive Urinary Iodine Concentration in School Age Girls and Women in Makueni, Eastern Kenya