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espanolObjetivo: Determinar la prevalencia de retinopatia diabetica y edema macular diabeticomediante retinografia en pacientes diagnosticados con diabetes mellitus tipo 2 segun eltiempo de evolucion y el grado de perdida de vision con correccion refractiva sin esta. Metodo: Estudio descriptivo de corte transversal de 150 pacientes con diabetes mellitus tipo2 evaluados en optometria, provenientes de diversos centros de salud pertenecientes a laJurisdiccion Sanitaria de Tlalpan, Servicios de Salud de la Ciudad de Mexico. Resultados: 150 pacientes (70% mujeres, 30% hombres) de 60 anos (± 7,77) fueron diagnosticados condiabetes mellitus tipo 2 (52%) con una evolucion de 12,09 anos (± 3,48). El 72,33% tieneretinopatia y/o lesiones de edema macular diabetico. La agudeza visual promedio mejorode 0,62 (± 0,48) a 0,37 (± 0,38) con correccion refractiva; la discapacidad absoluta disminuyoen −18,76% y la discapacidad nula o leve aumento en 31,31%. Conclusion: Existe una oportunidad estrategica para combatir la perdida de vision debido a retinopatia y edema macular diabetico en la deteccion oportuna por parte del personal de salud capacitadoen examinacion y control estrategicamente ubicado en el primer nivel de atencion; estorepresentaria una reduccion de la carga hospitalaria del tercer nivel, reduciendo asi loscostos para los sistemas de salud, lo cual significaria rentabilidad por los anos de visionganados y optimizaria la vision global del paciente. EnglishObjective: To determine the prevalence of diabetic retinopathy and diabetic macular edema by means of retinography in patients diagnosed with Type 2 diabetes mellitus according to time of evolution and degree of vision loss with and without refractive correction. Method: A descriptive cross-sectional study of 150 patients with Type 2 diabetes mellitus assessed in optometry in various health centers from the Sanitary Jurisdiction of Tlalpan, Health Services of Mexico City. Results: 150 patients (70% women, 30% men) aged 60 (+/– 7.77) were diagnosed with Type 2 diabetesmellitus, 52% of them with an evolution of 12.09 years (+/– 3.48). Of the total number of patients, 72.33% had retinopathy and/or diabetic macular edema lesions. The average visual acuity improved from 0.62 (+/– 0.48) to 0.37 (+/– 0.38) with refractive correction, absolute disability decreased by –18.76% and null or slight disability increased by 31.31%. Of the total population, 75.5% remained under monitoring in primary care, and 24.5% were referred to tertiary care in ophthalmology. Conclusion: The strategic opportunity to combat vision loss due to retinopathy and diabetic macular edema is found in its timely detection by health personnel trained in scrutiny and control at the primary care level, which would represent a decreased hospital load in tertiary care, thereby reducing costs for the health systems, as well as cost-efficiency for the years of sight gained and optimization of the patient’s global vision.

Cribado de la retinopatía diabética en el primer nivel de atención usando retinografía en la Ciudad de México