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The efficient use of organic-inorganic amendments and changing cropping pattern are important management strategies to improve crop productivity as well as restore the nutrient buildup of degraded soils. A three-year (2008–09 to 2010–11) soybean-wheat rotation field experiment was conducted at Rawalakot, Azad Jammu and Kashmir. Treatments included PM100, WSR100, PM50+WSR50, UN100, UN50+PM50, UN50+WSR50, UN50+PM25+WSR25 and a control (unfertilized). Applications of amendments were made on N-equivalent basis at the rate of 100 kg N ha. Data on surface NPK balance showed a net depletion of 41.2 kg N hayear and gain of 95.8 and 16.5 kg hayear of phosphorus (P) and potassium (K) for the control soil during three years. Soil amended with either organic amendments (PM and WSR) and UN alone or combination of both organic amendments + UN yielded positive surface N and P balance that varied between 40.7-86.8 and 84.5-213.7 kg hayear, respectively under different amendments. The UN100 and UN50+PM50 treatments showed a K deficit of 12 and17.1 kg hayear, respectively while UN50+WSR50 and UN50+PM25+WSR25 treatments marginally increased soil K content between 1.3-5.2 kg hayearcompared to 16.5 kg hayear in the control treatment. Treatments receiving repeated applications of poultry manure alone or with UN has the potential to improve the surface N and P balances. Therefore, it is recommended to increase annual addition of K fertilizer (beyond 50 kg K2O hayear) with organicinorganic amendments to maintain K balance and sustain long-term soybean-wheat productivity of degraded soils of Himalayan Hindukush of Azad Jammu and Kashmir.

Optimizing surface soil NPK balance through integrated nutrient management in wheat-soybean cropping system from Rawalakot Pakistan