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Hemorrhagic septicemia (HS) is an acute, fatal, and septicemic disease of cattle and buffalo caused by Pasteurella multocida. It is particularly important in the tropical regions of the world, especially in Asia and Africa. The study was conducted to record the HS disease prevalence rate in different areas (flood, irrigated and sandy), species of animals, and different age groups. Moreover, the antibody titer against HS of vaccinated and nonvaccinated animals (cattle and buffalo) in different areas against HS disease. Morbidity, mortality, and case fatality rate (CFR) due to HS disease in the different animal population (cattle and buffalo), age groups (young and adult), various areas (flood, irrigated and sandy) and vaccinated and unvaccinated animal groups. It can be concluded from the present investigation that HS is endemically occurring in cattle and buffalo. The mean of morbidity, mortality and CFR in young buffalo (12.56%, 22.44%, and 40.44%) and adult buffalo (0.94%, 2.82% and 25.68%) higher than young cattle (2.42%, 6.46%, 28.74%) and adult cattle (0.54%, 1.97% and 17.63%), which shows that buffalos are more susceptible of disease as compared to the cattle. Moreover, the young population of buffalo and cattle highly affected (morbidity, mortality, and CFR) of HS as compared with the adult stock. It was also noted that the morbidity, mortality, CFR was greater in flood area (7.78%, 13.95%, and 39.05%), and lesser in the sandy area (0.84%, 3.76%, and 11.84%). The comparative value of GMT against HS, deducted with IHA test both for cattle and buffalo, and it was noted that GMT in vaccine status and category of animals showed that it was higher in vaccinated animal than nonvaccinated animal population. Moreover, the GMT was higher in the sandy area as compared with flood and irrigated area. Furthermore, the GMT for vaccinated buffalo was lesser as compared to the vaccinated cattle making them more susceptible to the disease.

Seroprevalence of hemorrhagic septicemia in buffalo and cattle in flood, irrigated and sandy areas of Punjab, Pakistan