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This study was conducted to quantify emissions of greenhouse gases (GHGs), methane (CH4) and Nitrous Oxide (N2O), from free water surface constructed wetlands used for domestic wastewater treatment. All constructed wetlands were monoculture and each plot was planted with Phragmites sp., Cyperus sp., or Canna sp. The average CH 4 and N 2O emissions were in the range of 5.9-11.2 and 0.9-1.8 g/m 2 /h, respectively. Seasonal fluctuations of CH 4 and N2O emissions were observed. The highest fluxes of both GHGs occurred during hot rainy season (July-October) followed by summer and the lowest found in cool season. The mean of CH 4 and N 2O emissions from different plants species were significantly different (p<0.05). Average CH 4 emissions from constructed wetlands planted with Phragmites sp., Cyperus sp. and Canna sp. were 11.2, 6.0 and 5.9 mg/m 2 /h, respectively, while mean N 2O emissions were 0.9, 1.0 and 1.8 mg/m 2 /h, respectively. Calculated of Global Warming Potential (GWP) found that GWP of CH 4 and N 2O flux from constructed wetlands planted with Cyperus sp., was the highest (669 mg CO 2 equivalent/m 2 /h), followed by Phragmite sp., (524 mg CO 2 equivalent/m 2 /h) and Canna sp., (434 mg CO 2 equivalent/m 2 /h), respectively. These results suggested that municipal wastewater treatment by constructed wetlands planted with Canna sp. and Phragmite sp., had potential of lower GHGs emissions into the atmosphere and Phragmite sp., provided the highest removal rate of Biochemical Oxygen Demand (BOD) and Chemical Oxygen Demand (COD).

Effects of Plant Species on Methane and Nitrous Oxide Emissions from Constructed Wetlands Treating Municipal Wastewater