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This study evaluated the acute and sub-chronic toxicities of treatment with aqueous ethanol root extract of Raphia hookri (Palmaceae) on rats. In acute toxicity study, the root extract in a graded doses of 125-2000 mg/kg bwt administered Intra-Peritoneal (IP) produced dose dependent mortality with median acute toxicity (LD50) of approximately 562.3 mg/kg bwt. The animals fed with the extract by gavages tolerated up to 4000 mg/kg body weight (bwt) with no sign of physical/behavioural changes hence 1/20 of the dose (200 mg/kg) was used as the highest therapeutic dose. In sub-chronic toxicity study, significant increase (p<0.05) in the animals’ body weight occurred at treatments with 50 and 100 mg/kg bwt doses whereas considerable decrease was observed at treatment with 200 mg/kg bwt extract dose. Significant increase (p<0.05) in aspartate aminotransferase (AST) level occurred compared to the control while alanine aminotransferase (ALT) showed decrease that was marked at the highest extract dose. Total protein was comparatively the same with the control while total bilirubin decreased markedly. In kidney function profile, creatinine level showed decrease while urea level exhibited fluctuation. There was an insignificant (p>0.05) decrease in Red Blood Cell (RBC) count and haemoglobin (Hb) level while White Blood Cell (WBC) showed increase. In tissue analysis, the extract caused marked deleterious effect on the testes leading to drastic reduction in sperm cells whereas tissues of liver, kidney and heart however showed normal appearance.

Evaluation of Acute and Sub-chronic Toxicities of Aqueous Ethanol Root Extract of <em>Raphia hookeri</em> (Palmaceae) on Swiss Albino Rats