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We surveyed ants in the Nakanai Mountains of East New Britain Province, Papua New Guinea to assess their diversity and endemism at low, mid and high elevations (200 m, 900 m and 1,600 m). Leaf-litter sifting and hand-collecting produced 140 species of ants, of which approximately 40 appeared to be undescribed; nine of these have so far been confirmed as new to science. Species richness was similar at low and mid elevations, with 93 and 92 species respectively. Species composition at these elevations overlapped considerably, with approximately 60% of species shared (55 species). Species richness at high elevation was considerably lower with 22 species documented, of which ten were unique to the high-elevation site. Three species were found at both low and high sites; four at mid and high sites, and five species were found at all three elevations. Based on the high numbers of probably undescribed ant species encountered on this survey and the threats facing forest communities on Pacific Islands, we recommend that steps be taken to conserve the remaining intact tracts of rainforest at low, mid and high elevations in the Nakanai Mountains.

Ants of the Nakanai Mountains, East New Britain Province, Papua New Guinea