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Titi monkeys (Callicebus spp.) rarely exhibit overtly agonistic behavior except in the context of intergroup encounters, possibly because social groups are almost invariably composed of a breeding pair and their immature offspring (Bicca-Marques and Heymann, 2013). Long-term data on Callicebus coimbrai from two sites in the Brazilian state of Sergipe indicate that the species is primarily frugivorousfolivorous (Souza-Alves et al., 2011; Santana, 2011), but that the composition of the diet fluctuates considerably between seasons and among years. During 2012, the long-term drought affecting northeastern Brazil appeared to have a marked effect on the diet of one study group, at the Fazenda Trapsa, in the municipality of Itaporanga d'Ajuda (11°12'S, 37°14'W), which became increasingly folivorous in comparison with previous years (Souza-Alves, 2013). The present study describes social interactions observed in the group during a three-day period in January 2013 (January 2nd-4th). The group consisted of an adult male, an adult female, and a juvenile male, all presumed to be siblings, based on the long-term monitoring of the group (Souza-Alves and Ferrari, 2012). For the present report, data on social interactions were collected by behavioral sampling (cf. Martin and Bateson, 1993) during the monitoring of the group for the collection of feeding tree focal samples, as part of an ongoing study of seed dispersal (see Baião, 2013). During all-day follows, all events of significant social interactions (affiliative and agonistic) were recorded, with detailed data taken on the individuals involved, and the sequence and timing of events.

Agonistic competition for fruit among members of a titi monkey (<i>Callicebus coimbrai</i>) group during a severe drought