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Eye movement desensitization and reprocessing (EMDR) has been shown to be a structured, noninvasive, time-limited, and evidence-based treatment for unprocessed memories and related conditions. This paper focuses on EMDR as a treatment for specifi c fears and phobias. For this purpose, the application of EMDR is conceptualized as the selection and the subsequent processing of a series of strategically important memories of earlier negative learning experiences concerning specifi c objects or situations. Firstly, the practical application and conceptualization of the treatment of phobias with EMDR is presented and compared with an exposure-based treatment approach. Next, specifi c attention is given to the assessment and selection of appropriate memories for processing. It is hypothesized that phobias with a nontraumatic background, or those in later stages of treatment after some reduction in anxiety has been achieved, would profi t more from the application of a gradual in vivo exposure, whereas trauma-based specifi c phobias and those with high initial levels of anxiety would respond most favorably to EMDR.

Treatment of Specific Phobias With EMDR: Conceptualization and Strategies for the Selection of Appropriate Memories