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There have been a number of recent reports about the excavation of large amounts of animal bones from sites within and just outside the city of Edo. These finds prove that animal meat was eaten in the Edo period, although there is no mention of this in historical records. Land mammals are most prominently represented among the bones discovered. Since the eating of animal meat was considered unclean dur­ ing premodern times in Japan, the common assumption has been that meat consumption was severely restricted, and avoided if at all possible, until after the Meiji Restoration in 1868. However, the Edo-period ani­ mal remains — including those of large numbers of wild boar, shika deer, and bear, along with dogs, monkeys, and horses —show that despite the assumed social taboo, mammal meat was being quite widely eaten dur­ ing this period (K a n e k o 1992). One site in which such remains were found is San'ei-cho 三栄町,excavated in 1985 and 1986 by the Shinjuku Board of Education. The report concerning the faunal remains of the site was published in 1991 (K a n e k o 8c N a g a s h im a 1991).

San’ei-chō and meat-eating in Buddhist Edo