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Both the plant development as well as the development of poikilothermic organisms is signifi cantly infl uenced by the condition of the environment. The regime of the external temperature (of air and soil) and the surface temperature in particular impact the metabolism by changing the velocity of enzymatic reactions. The biological temperature minimum, that is the value indicating the beginning or the ending of growth and limiting of metabolism, is important in the life of plants. Vegetation of moderate climate is generally affected by the temperature of 5 °C. Temperature suitable for the period from sowing to heading varies from 9 to 16 °C. In case that temperature exceeds 20–26 °C, the growth is being retarded (Petr et al., 1987). The onset of individual developmental phases is driven by temperature expressed as the sum of active or effective temperature. The active temperature is defi ned as the temperature exceeding the biological minimum which is the value of the decline of the ability to vegetate. The sum of all daily average temperature values exceeding the biological minimum (or the threshold temperature) is called DOI: 10.18832/kp201703 Long-term Changes of Vegetation Season in Context of Spring Barley Phenology in South Moravia