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India is one of the mega biodiversity centers of the world, housing around 10% of world’s species. Indian biodiversity is intricately related to the socio-cultural practices of the inhabitants of this land. The north eastern and sub-Himalayan regions and other parts of the country are abundant in several wild sericigenous insects and their host plants. In India, only 5 types of sericigenous insects are commercially exploited from different species of silkworm’s viz., mulberry silk and non-mulberries or vanya silk, which feed on a number of host plants. Sericulture is an eco-friendly agro-based labor intensive rural cottage industry and provides subsidiary employment and supplementing income to the rural farmers especially the economically weaker section of the society. In order to preserve the natural biodiversity, the systematic attempts are required to conserve the seribiodiversity for ecological balance and sustainable economic viability. The cocoons and pupae are not only used to harvest silk but also an alternative source of protein, fat and minerals for human food and animal feed. The ethnic people also use these insects for treating different ailments. The host plant leaves are being used for many other purposes such as animal feed, nutritional and medicinal uses, in addition to the utilization as silkworm feed. Therefore, the sericulture has gained a new paradigm to increase farmers’ income keeping a well balance of ecology and biodiversity. The paper discusses about the significance of sericulture for rural development and the strategies to be taken up to revive the development of sericulture industry in India.

Seribiodiversity and their Role in Sustainable Development in India