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Obstructive sleep apnea (OSA), occurring in 26% of people aged 30-70 years, manifests as repetitive apnea and hypopnea episodes related to sleep-time upper-airway obstruction. OSA causes sleep fragmentation, is associated with excessive daytime sleepiness and decreased concentration, and has been linked to metabolic disorders, cardiovascular and neurovascular diseases, and neurocognitive impairment. The Epworth Sleepiness Scale (ESS), Berlin, STOP, and STOP-Bang questionnaires have been developed as OSAscreening-tool alternatives to the expensive and time-consuming polysomnography (PSG) test. There have already been several reports published on the sensitivity and specificity of these screening tests. For most sleep questionnaires, respondent age can be problematic. Hypertension, which longitudinal and crosssectional studies have definitively shown to be strongly dose-response-related to OSA severity, is included in most of the current questionnaires. The problem that arises is that hypertension is significantly correlated not only with OSA severity but also with older age. Therefore many relatively young OSA patients, even those with severe OSA, do not have hypertension, which can lead to false negatives (i.e., OSA sufferers deemed “no OSA”). Also, age usually is related to both social activity and physical strength, both of which can affect the answers to questions on sleep-de-

Are Sleep Questionnaires Valid in All Adult Age Groups as Screening Tools for Obstructive Sleep Apnea?