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The distribution, relative abundance, habitat, age, growth, and feeding habits of larval and juvenile black drum (Pogonias cromis) from Tampa Bay, Florida, are described. Spawning took place in the lower bay or nearshore Gulf waters from November through May, with the majority of spawning occurring in March. Spawning peaks often coincided with, but were not dependent on, the new or full moon and were seemingly influenced by tidal period. Most spawning occurred during rising temperatures and occurred earlier in Tampa Bay than in northern latitudes. Most larvae were collected during March and April, and more were found in incidental surface dip-net collections in Bayboro Harbor than from regular plankton-net collections in the bay. Larvae collected in the middle and upper bay were larger (2.9-7.3 mm) than those collected in the lower bay (1.8-5.8 mm). Plankton-net collections from midwater depths at the single night station and from bottom depths at the three day stations contained the majority of larval black drum. Juveniles 30-60 mm SL were abundant in May and June in rivers and tidal creeks with low to moderate salinities and unvegetated mud bottoms. At lengths >100 mm SL, juveniles began dispersing throughout the bay. Ages determined from counting daily otolith rings agreed with ages determined by using length· frequency progressions and showed that black drum larvae had a growth rate of 0.2·0.3 mm/ day, whereas juveniles 35 to 150 mm grew 0.8·0.9 mm/day. Forty-eight percent of the larval stomachs examined were empty; stomachs with food contained primarily cope pods. Mollusks were the major food group in juvenile black drum stomachs; small (<60 mm) juveniles consumed mainly bivalve siphon tips, whereas larger (>75 mm) juveniles consumed more fish, bivalves, and gastropods. Sciaenids make up a significant portion of the nearshore marine recreational and commercial fisheries in the southeastern United States. Black drum, Pogonias cromis, are the largest sciaenids in the southeastern United States (Silverman, 1979), and although adults occur both offshore and in bays, the young are dependent on estuaries for nursery habitat during early growth. Black drum spawn in or near the estuaries where larval and juvenile development occurs. Eggs have been found in Laguna Madre, Texas (Breuer, 1960; Simmons and Breuer, 1962), and in 39 Chesapeake Bay (Joseph et a/., 1964). Larvae have been collected from Texas bays and passes (Pearson, 1929; Breuer, 1963; Compton, 1964; King, 1971) and southwest Florida (Jannke, 1971). Previous studies of juvenile black drum primarily concerned inshore areas of Texas (Pearson, "1929; Breuer, i962; Simmons and Breuer, 1962; Breuer, 1971) and the Chesapeake and Delaware Bay regions (Frisbie, 1961; Thomas and Smith, 1973). Limited data are available from Mississippi (Eztold and Christmas, 1979) and Florida (Kilby, 1955; Price and Schlueter, 1985). Price and Schlueter 1 Peters and McMichael: Early Life History of the Black Drum Pogonias cromis (Pisces: Sci Published by The Aquila Digital Community, 1990 40 Peters, K.M., and R.H. McMichael, Jr. (1985) provided most of the information on juvenile black drum from Tampa Bay, Florida. They collected 150 black drum from the littoral zone of upper Tampa Bay, mainly during spring and summer, and reported that mean lengths increased from 26.7 mm SL in May to 92.0 mm SL in August. In the fall of 1981, we began surveying larval and juvenile sciaenids in Tampa Bay, Florida. This paper describes the distribution, relative abundance, habitat, age, growth, and feeding of larval and juvenile black drum in the Tampa Bay system. MATERIALS AND METHODS Sampling Stations, Gear, and Frequency: All collections were made in Tampa Bay, a relatively large, shallow, vertically mixed estuary on the west central Florida coast (Figure 1). This study began in the fall of 1981 as part of an early life history study of larval and juvenile red drum, Sciaenops ocellatus, in the Alafia River and other backwater areas of the bay (Stations 1-12, Tables 1 and 2, Figure 1). Originally, sampling stations were in rivers, tidal creeks, canals, and spillways and had freshwater discharge, sand or mud bottom, and little or no seagrass cover. Each station was sampled bi-weekly from September to December 1981. Beginning in January 1982, sampling was limited to once every three weeks in the Alafia River. In July 1982, we added six stations (13-18) that increased the diversity of habitats. These new stations had little freshwater influence and included habitats ranging from surf zones to protected and unprotected seagrass beds. The change in emphasis between years from sampling red drum in river and backwater habitats to a wide variety of habitats allowed us to sample more stations than would otherwise have been possible but I imited information to a single year exGull

Early Life History of the Black Drum Pogonias cromis (Pisces: Sciaenidae) in Tampa Bay, Florida