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Larval and early juvenile development of laboratory-reared frillfin gobies, Bathygobius soporator (Cuvier and Valenciennes, 1837), is described and figured. One-dayold preserved specimens averaged 2.0 mm SL, had 11·12 preanal myomeres, and 25·26 total myomeres. Caudal fin rays appeared at 3.1 mm SL (10 days), followed by soft dorsal and anal fin rays at 3.4 mm SL (11 days). Dominant larval pigmentation consisted of dense rows of stellate melanophores along the dorsal and anal midlines and later along the lateral midline. The change to juvenile pigmentation and a benthic habit occurred at 4.7·5.4 mm SL (26·31 days). Early juvenile growth was characterized by migration of the eyes to the adult position, rounding of the caudal fin margin, beginning of scale formation, and separation of the upper pectoral fin rays. . . Sequence of ossification is described and figured. In one-day-old larvae (2.0 mrir.SL),·. only the maxillae and cleithra had started to ossify. Many bones, including the ethmoids, small gill arch elements, nasals, and ribs were not ossified at settling (4.7·5.3 mm SL). With the exception of the adult complement of ribs, all bones were ossified in the largest juvenile (17.6 mm SL, 97 days). The frillfin goby, Bathygobius soporator (Cuvier and Valenciennes, 1837) is a relatively large, robust goby that inhabits shallow coastal waters throughout the southeastern United States. Ginsburg (1947) discusses the specific ranges and adult characteristics of B. soporator, its subspecies, and related species in the American Bathygobius complex. The embryonic and early larval development of the frillfin goby is well documented (Breder, 1943; Tavolga, 1950, 1953, 1954). Breder (1943) found late stage B. soporator eggs, guarded by the male parent, attached to the underside of a clam shell in shallow water. Eggs were described as elongate and somewhat cigar-shaped with a rounded bulbous distal end into which the head of the embryo fits. The basal end was "roundly pointed" and attached to the shell by a bundle of adhesive threads. Eggs averaged 2.36 mm in length. Larvae had small yolk sacs at hatching and were 137 feeding by the second day. Unfortunately, the rearing had to be terminated on the third day. Tavolga (1950) was able to strip spawn adult B. soporator and described the embryonic and early larval development of the species. He found that hatching took place in 96-100 hrs at 27-29°C and that at 20-24 hrs, the embryo undergoes a reversal in orientation from facing the basal end of the egg case to facing the distal end (head down). Apparently, this geotactic response is necessary for successful hatching from the elongate hanging egg. Larvae were 2.3 mm TL at hatching and lived 3-4 days (2.6-2.7 mm TL). These larvae had punctate melanophores "coating the abdominal cavity and thinly scattered over the dorsum." Large stellate melanophores 'Nere present on the ventral surface of the hindbrain and in two rows on the dorsal and ventral midline. The swim bladder was highly visible and heavily pigmented. This study was designed to describe 1 Peters: Larval and Early Juvenile Development of the Frillfin Goby, Bathy Published by The Aquila Digital Community, 1983

Larval and Early Juvenile Development of the Frillfin Goby, Bathygobius soporator (Perciformes: Gobiidae)