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As the Chronography of Theophanes the Confessor includes a lot of information about the foreign states and tribes which were connected with the Byzantine Empire. It is legitimate, in the Author’s view, to analyse the account concerning Islam and the Arabs by this Byzantine author. Theophanes possessed detailed knowledge of the Arabs, Islam and Umayyad caliphs. He used, although presumably indirectly, some Muslim sources in his work. The argument which strongly proves this hypothesis is his precise description of inner clashes between the members of the ruling house, as well as of Arab civil wars. The article discusses how Theophanes (and presumably his sources) depicted not only the Arabs as an entity, but also the prophet Muhammad and some of the Umayyad caliphs (Muawiya, Walid I, Umar II, Hisham, Marwan II). Blazej cecota Katedra Historii Bizancjum Wydzial Filozoficzno-Historyczny Uniwersytet Łodzki ul. A. Kaminskiego 27a 90–219 Łodź, Polska blazejcecota@wp.pl [in:] Predication et propagande au Moyen Age . Islam, Byzance, Occident . Session des 20–25 octobre 1980, ed. G. Makdisi, D. Sourdel, J. Sourdel-Thomine Paris 1983, p. 71–86. The ruler of this country, As-Salih, brother of al-Mansur, married Marwan II’s widow to create the appearances of succession, cf. H. Kennedy, The Court of the Caliphs . The Rise and Fall of Islam’s Greatest Dynasty, London 2004, p. 53. 95 Theophanes mentions the Abbasid repression of Christians a few times. The reason for them was mainly politics. In the relation from AM 6243, the Byzantine recalls a murder of a group of Christians (p. 427, 12–14). Theophanes clearly suggests the relationship between Christians and Umayyads. The exile of Theodor, the patriarch of Antioch by Salih Ibn Ali could be linked with politics, cf. AM 6248, p. 430, 2–7.

Islam, the Arabs and Umayyad Rulers According to Theophanes the Confessor’s Chronography