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Herbs  and  spices  have  been  used  for  many  years  as  an  important  source of food ingredients.  Recently,  herbs  and  spices  have  been  used  as  the  source  of  medicinal materials  due  to  its  rich-bioactive  compounds  content.  However, the  knowledge  about the scientific background of these herbs and spices uses in the local community is based on  limited  data.  This  work  aims  to  study  the  perspective  of  the  Tabaru  ethnic  group toward the use of herbs and spices as an additional food source. This study was conducted between November and December, 2018 in Halmahera Island. The data and information about  the  use  of  herbs  and  spices  were  collected  from  48  locals  whose  ages  ranged between 40 and 89 years. The main occupation of respondents was farming of mainly nutmeg, clove, and coconut. The data were analyzed based on plant uses which included spices, food, and drug use. Data on plant species were analyzed using the Cultural Food Significance Index (CFSI) formula. The results showed that the Tabaru ethnic group used approximately 14 plant species as herbs and spices. According to the CFSI values,herbs and  spices  in  very  high  significance  group  include Curcuma  longaL.  (value  of  CFSI, 460.8), Cinnamomum  burmanni(Nees  &amp;  T.  Nees) Neeex  Blume,  Myristica  fragrans Houtt.,  Curcuma  domestica Valeton,  and Zingiber  officinale Roscoe  (CFSI,  259.2). Moreover,  in  the  high  significance  category, Capsicum  annuum L.  is  listed  with  high CFSI score reaching 86.4. In the moderate significance category, we found about four species,  namely Ocimum  americanum L.  and Ocimum  americanum L.  (CFSI,  48.6), Etlingera  heliconiifolia(K.  Schum.)  AD  Poulsen  (CFSI,  24.3), Alpinia  galanga(L.) Willd. (CFSI, 23,625). Finally, two species of Etlingera elatior(Jack) R.M.Sm. (CFSI, 17.82) and Alpinia eremochlamys K.Schum. (CFSI, 15.53) were in the low significance group. In conclusion, the value of CFSI has a positive correlation to the utilization and the conservation level of herbs and spices of Tabaru ethnic group in Halmahera Island.

The ethnobotanical perspective of indigenous herbs and spices of Tabaru ethnic group in Halmahera island, Indonesia