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The data from a parallel annotated English–Czech corpus serve for testing the general issue of the variability of the mutual position of LOC and TWHEN in Czech and English (Sect. 4.1) and for the analysis of the relation between information structure and the given order in the two languages (Sect. 4.2). The most relevant and innovative results in the investigation, namely the cases where the position of TWHEN and LOC differs in Czech and English in that the same modification is placed in Topic in the sentence in one language and in Focus in the corresponding sentence in the other are presented in Sect. 4.3. 1 Motivation and Research Question In the early days of a massive entrance of corpus linguistics on the linguistic scene, C. J. Fillmore, in an attempt to characterize his own research position, compares two kinds of linguists: an armchair linguist and a corpus linguist. Fillmore (1992, 35) says: “Armchair linguist sits in his armchair, with his eyes closed and his hands clasped behind his back, once in a while, opens his eyes and shouts: Wow, what a neat fact”, while “Corpus linguist: has all of the primary facts he needs in the form of a corpus of approximately one zillion running words and he sees his job as that of deriving secondary facts from his primary facts.” And he concludes: “... the two kinds of linguists need each other. Or better, that the two kinds of linguists, wherever possible, should exist in the same body”. As for himself, he claims to be “an armchair linguist who refuses to give up his old ways but who finds profit in being a consumer of some of the resources that corpus linguists have created”. In the era (and in the context) of treebanking, one can consider an armchair linguist to be a theoretically minded linguist and a corpus to be an annotated corpus in the form of treebanks, and it is in this sense that we have formulated our particular research question. The phenomenon under investigation is the relation of word order and information structure, the particular cases are temporal and local modifications of predicates and the data come from a parallel English–Czech annotated corpus (treebank). The task we have faced is complicated by two facts: first, the information on structure is a very complex phenomenon and different approaches to its treatment have been proposed in theoretical literature since the pioneering studies by Czech scholars in the first half of the last century followed by such prominent linguists and semanticists as M.A.K. Halliday, B.H. Partee, M. Rooth, M. Krifka, E.F. Prince, K. Lambrecht, M. Steedman, E. Vallduví and E. Engdahl, to name just a few, and, second, it is hard to assess this phenomenon, so that annotation of information structure is very tricky (cf. Cook and Bildhouer, 2011) and therefore has to be carefully checked.

Ordering of Adverbials of Time and Place in Grammars and in an Annotated English-Czech Parallel Corpus