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C-terminal binding protein 2 (CtBP2) drives intestinal polyposis in the Apc   min  mouse model of human Familial Adenomatous Polyposis. As CtBP2 is targetable by an inhibitor of its dehydrogenase domain, understanding CtBP2's role in adenoma formation is necessary to optimize CtBP-targeted therapies in Apc mutated human neoplasia. Tumor initiating cell (TIC) populations were substantially decreased in Apc   min   Ctbp2   +/-  intestinal epithelia. Moreover, normally nuclear Ctbp2 was mislocalized to the cytoplasm of intestinal crypt stem cells in Ctbp2   +/-  mice, both Apc   min  and wildtype, correlating with low/absent CD133 expression in those cells, and possibly explaining the lower burden of polyps in Apc   min  Ctbp2 +/- mice. The CtBP inhibitor 4-chloro-hydroxyimino phenylpyruvate (4-Cl-HIPP) also robustly downregulated TIC populations and significantly decreased intestinal polyposis in Apc   min  mice. We have therefore demonstrated a critical link between polyposis, intestinal TIC's and Ctbp2 gene dosage or activity, supporting continued efforts targeting CtBP in the treatment or prevention of Apc mutated neoplasia.

An intestinal stem cell niche in Apc mutated neoplasia targetable by CtBP inhibition