English (United Kingdom)

https://curated-unify.zendy.io/wp-json/zendy-region/v1/featured_content/oa?rat=en

https://curated-unify.zendy.io/wp-json/zendy-region/v1/highlighted_journal/

Global: Zendy Plus annual

Presents the access of premium content as premium feature

Premium Content

Presents the keyphrase highlighting as premium feature

Keyphrase Highlighting

Presents the summarisation as premium feature

Summarisation

Insights

Presents the pdf analysis as premium feature

PDF Analysis

Presents the zaia usage as premium feature

ZAIA

Global: Zendy Tools annual

Global: Zendy Free Plan

Global: Zendy Tools monthly

Global: Zendy Plus monthly

Lenalidomide is a potent anti-myeloma drug with immunomodulatory properties. It is increasingly used in a low-dose maintenance setting to prolong remission duration after standard treatment. Data on the in vivo effects of lenalidomide are scarce and sometimes different from the well-described in vitro effects. We therefore evaluated the numerical, phenotypical and functional impact of lenalidomide maintenance on several immune cell types in a cohort of seventeen homogeneously treated myeloma patients achieving a low residual myeloma burden after a bortezomib based-induction followed by autologous stem cell transplantation. Lenalidomide maintenance: 1) increased the fraction of naïve CD8 + T cells and several memory T-cell subsets, 2) reduced the numbers of terminal effector CD8 + T cells, 3) resulted in a higher expression of co-stimulatory molecules on resting T cells and of the inhibitory checkpoint molecules LAG-3 on CD4 + T cells and TIM-3 on CD4 + and CD8 + T cells, 4) reduced the number of TIGIT + CD8 + T cells, 5) increased the number of regulatory T cells with a phenotype associated with strong suppressive capacity. Purified CD8 + T cells showed increased and more polyfunctional recall viral responses. However, PBMC responses were not enhanced during lenalidomide maintenance and CD4 + T-cell responses specific for the myeloma-associated antigen MAGE-C1 even tended to become lower. We conclude that lenalidomide maintenance after autologous stem cell transplantation has complex pleotropic effects on the immune environment. Immune interventions such as anti-myeloma vaccination should include measures to tackle an expanded inhibitory Treg compartment.

oncotarget

Impact of lenalidomide maintenance on the immune environment of multiple myeloma patients with low tumor burden after autologous stem cell transplantation