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We studied the effects of protocatechualdehyde on mouse sperm survival and sperm membrane integrity in vitro and on cyclophosphamide-induced mouse testicular damage in vivo. Protocatechualdehyde (0.01, 0.1, and 1 mg/mL) improved sperm survival rate and sperm membrane integrity in separated mouse sperm (all P < .05). In cyclophosphamide-treated male mice (60 mg/kg/d by intraperitoneal injection, 5 days of treatment), protocatechualdehyde (40 mg/kg/d by intragastric gavage, 35 days of treatment) increased the testis index, epididymis index, and sperm nuclear maturity (all P < .05). Protocatechualdehyde also improved testis morphology characterized by orderly arranged layers of spermatogenic cells, numbers of sperm in the lumen, normal mesenchymal cells, and close and tidy arrangement of the seminiferous tubules. Protocatechualdehyde also increased testicular superoxide dismutase activity and elevated DJ-1 expression. In addition, it decreased expression of ICAM-1 and enhanced the expression of VCAM-1, PEDF, VEGF, and PPARγ. These findings indicate that protocatechualdehyde increases mouse sperm survival and sperm membrane integrity in vitro and reduces cyclophosphamide-induced mouse testicular damage via DJ-1 and other targets in vivo. Protocatechualdehyde may thus be useful for treating reproductive damage and antineoplastic cyclophosphamideinduced reproductive toxicity. www.impactjournals.com/oncotarget/ Vol.9, (No.1), Supplement 1, pp: s205-s215

WITHDRAWN: Protocatechualdehyde improves antineoplastic cyclophosphamide-induced mouse testicular damage