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The discovery of  EGFR  mutations and  EML4-ALK  gene rearrangements has radically changed the therapeutic  scenario  for patients with advanced non-small cell lung cancer.  ALK  and  EGFR  tyrosine-kinase inhibitors showed better activity and efficacy than standard chemotherapy in the first and second line treatment settings, leading to a clear advantage in overall survival of advanced non-small cell lung cancer patients harboring these genetic alterations.  Historically the coexistence of  EGFR  mutations and  EML4-ALK  rearrangements in the same tumor has been described as virtually impossible. Nevertheless many recent observations seem to show that it is not true in all cases.  In this review we will discuss the available literature data regarding this rare group of patients in order to give some suggestions useful for their clinical management. Furthermore we report here two cases of concomitant presence of both alterations that will help us in the development of discussion.

Concomitant EML4-ALK rearrangement and EGFR mutation in non-small cell lung cancer patients: a literature review of 100 cases