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Simmering debates leading to polarization are observed in many domains.Although empirical findings show a strong correlation between this phenomenonand modularity of a social network, still little is known about the actualmechanisms driving communities to conflicting opinions. In this paper, we usedan agent-based model to check if the polarization may be induced by acompetition between two types of social response: conformity andanticonformity. The proposed model builds on the q-voter model (Castellano etal. 2009b) and uses a double-clique topology in order to capture segmentationof a community. Our results indicate that the interplay between intra-cliqueconformity and inter-clique anticonformity may indeed lead to a polarized stateof the entire system. We have found a dynamic phase transition controlled bythe fraction $L$ of cross-links between cliques. In the regime of small valuesof $L$ system is able to reach the total positive consensus. If the values of$L$ are large enough, anticonformity takes over and the system always ends upin a polarized stated. Putting it the other way around, the segmentation of thenetwork is not a sufficient condition for the polarization to appear. Asuitable level of antagonistic interactions between segments is namely requiredto arrive at a polarized steady state within our model.

The interplay between conformity and anticonformity and its polarizing effect on society