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This study investigated for the first time impact caused by the invasion of Oreochromis niloticus on populations of native Cichlidae species from Igarapé Fortaleza hydrographic basin, a tributary of the Amazonas River in Amapá State, Northern Brazil. As a consequence of escapes and/or intentional releases of O. niloticus from fish farms, there have been the invasion and successful establishment of this exotic fish species in this natural ecosystem, especially in areas of refuge, feeding and reproduction of the native cichlids species. The factors that contributed for this invasion and establishment are discussed here. The invasion of O. niloticus is pressuring the populations of native cichlids which are in a low populational density, as 72.7% of the biomass of cichlids (native and nonnative) is composed of O. niloticus. -1 -1 Consequently, the value of CPUE (2.489 kg.h )) for this invasive tilapia is much higher than the value of CPUE (0.641 kg.h ) for all the 16 species of native cichlids together. The results indicate the need for a management plan designed to control this invasive tilapia and thus avoid the extinction of native species of cichlids. Furthermore, results may also be useful for critical decision making of Brazilian governmental institutions regarding the approval of the introduction of any nonnative fish species in any other region from the country.

Impact of the Invasion from Nile Tilapia on Natives Cichlidae Species in Tributary of Amazonas River, Brazil