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Existing literature has shown that high grade kaolin can be processed into metakaolin to replace portions of Portland cement without compromising the properties of cement-based materials. However, , there is limited literature pertaining to the use of clays with low content of kaolinite as a pozzolanic materials, even though lower grade kaolin exists abundantly on the earth crust and in almost every country. This work analyzed clay obtained from Ghana. The clay material was calcined at temperatures ranging from 600C to 1000C. The raw clay characterization was determined based on geotechnical properties and the use of solid state Al Magic angle spinning nuclear magnetic resonance (MAS NMR). Strength activity index prescribed by the American Society for the Testing of Materials (ASTM) was used as a method of determining the appropriate temperature for clay calcination. Sorptivity analysis was determined as a way of checking the durability of cement and calcined clay mixtures. The results of the test confirmed that the clay material used was a low grade kaolinitic type. The most suitable temperature that yielded maximum strength from the mortar mixtures between cement and calcined clays was at 800C. The sorptivity test also showed that the incorporation of calcined clay in cement based products refined the pore structure which may enhance durability. The refinement of the pore structure was determined by studying the sorptivity coefficient values which showed that the material resisted the ingress of ions. The study recommended the use of low grade calcined kaolinitic clay as a suitable pozzolanic material.

Strength and Durability of Cement-Based Materials Incorporated with Low Grade Kaolinitic Calcined Clay