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. Socially necessary institution in the total care of the children are state orphanages.To orphanage are transferred many children greatly neglected, with abnormal mental and physical development manifesting personality disorders and social maladjustment. Purpose. The aim of this paper was to assess the somatic development of children residing in Polish orphanages. Materials/methods. The study was carried out in three orphanages in Poznan, Poland. A total of 60 (26 girls and 34 boys) were examined. The methods of anthropometric measurements (height and weight) and retrospective chart review of children were used. Results were compared with normal regional longitudinal standards of reference (Percentile chart of body height and weight). Results. Taking into account gender of the examined children, severe shortage of body weight was observed only in boys (N-7, 20,59%). Underweight girls also applies in the range of 3–10 percentiles (6 – 23,08%). Overall an underweight occurred in 13 children – 21,7%. In the case of one girl obesity was diagnosed, as reflected in the survey results (above 97 percentile). Shortage of body weight below 3rd percentile occurred in 1 girl (3,85%) and 4 boys (11,76%). Moreover in the range of 3–10 percentile were located 6 girls (23,08%) and 6 boys (17,65%). Overall growth deficiency was observed in 7 girls (26,92%) and 10 boys (29,41%) for a total of 17 children (28,3%). Conclusions. Institutionalized children’s somatic development assessment showed significant height and weight deficiencies in Katedra Auksologii Klinicznej i Pielęgniarstwa Pediatrycznego, Wydział Nauk o Zdrowiu, Uniwersytet Medyczny im. K. Marcinkowskiego w Poznaniu Height deficiencies resulting from emotional deprivation at children residing in orphanages Department of Clinical Auxology and Pediatrics Nursing, Faculty of Health Sciences, Poznan University of Sciences, Poland Medical