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RESUMEN Este estudio transversal se realizo en el periodo de enero a junio de 2009 en ninos y ninas de 0 a 5 anos de edad para determinar la prevalencia de los retrasos del desarrollo psicomotor. La poblacion infantil del estudio pertenecio a los Centros de Desarrollo Infantil fiscales, privados, regulares, especiales urbanos de Cuenca. Se clasifico a los ninos con retrasos en -con discapacidad y sin discapacidad-, registrando cuantos se beneficiaron de la atencion temprana. Se busco la asociacion del retraso con desnutricion, microcefalia, familia no nuclear, migracion de los padres y cuidadora no materna. La muestra probabilistica aleatoria por estratos se calculo en EpiInfoTM, con 5% de frecuencia de retraso, 3% de error de inferencia, 95% de confianza y 10% de perdidas (N = 8537, n = 462). Siete equipos de especialistas con el test de Brunet-Lezine diagnosticaron primero el retraso y luego la discapacidad usando la Escala de Valoracion de la Situacion de Dependencia de 0 a 3 anos y con Baremo de la Situacion de Dependencia de 3 a 5 anos. La desnutricion se identifico midiendo y ubicando la antropometria en desvios estandar en las tablas de la Organizacion Mundial de la Salud. Las otras variables se indagaron por encuestas. El estudio revelo que el 11% (IC95%, 8 al 14%) presento retraso, 6% sin discapacidad y 5% con discapacidad, el 31% se beneficio de la atencion temprana. Se encontro relacion de retraso del desarrollo psicomotor con desnutricion (p < 0,001), microcefalia (p < 0,002) y con familia no nuclear (p < 0,005). No asi con cuidadora no materna, ni con migracion. Estos datos orientan a implementar tempranamente programas de intervencion. Palabras clave: Desarrollo psicomotriz, discapacidad, ninos y ninas, estado nutricional, microcefalia, migracion, familia. ABSTRACT A cross-sectional survey was conducted in the period January-June 2009 on children in the age group 0 to 5 years to determine the prevalence of delays in psychomoter development. The surveyed infancy population belonged to public, private, regular and special Child Development Centers of the City of Cuenca. Delays in psychomoter development with and without disabilities were recorded, together with the number of children that benefited from early care taking. Observations were related to the level of malnutrition, failure of brain growth, the family composition, the migration of parents and the replacement caregiver by mother-absence. The stratified random probability sample was calculated with EpiInfoTM with 5% frequency delay, 3% error of inference, 95% confidence and 10% loss (N = 8537, n = 462). Seven teams of specialists diagnosed first the delay in psychomoter development using the Brunet-Lezine test, followed by measuring the disability of the 0 to 3 year old children using the Situation Dependency Valorization Scale, and the Situation Dependency Rating Scale for the 3 to 5 year olds. The malnutrition status was assessed measuring the anthropometry expressed in number of standard deviations with reference to the WHO growth charts. All other variables were recorded on the basis of surveys. The study revealed that 11% (IC95%, 8 to 14%) demonstrated a delay in psychomotor development, 6% without disability and 5% with disability, and 31% benefited from early intervention. A relationship between delayed psychomotor development with malnutrition (p < 0,001), microcephaly (p < 0,002) and non-nuclear family (p < 0,005) was found. Neither the replacement caregiver by mother-absence, nor the migration of the parents, seems to be causal factors. Results justify the establishment of early intervention programs. Keywords: Psychomotor development, disability, boys and girls, nutritional status, microcephaly, migration, family.

Retrasos del desarrollo psicomotriz en niños y niñas urbanos de 0 a 5 años: Estudio de caso en la zona urbana de Cuenca, Ecuador