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RESUMEN: La cuenca baja del rio Guayas es una area de humedales costeros donde se cultiva arroz en una extension de 350.000 ha. Se establecio un area experimental de 100 km2 a las dos orillas del rio Babahoyo el mismo que es un tributario del rio Guayas, correspondiente a los cantones Samborondon y Yaguachi. En 26 estaciones de muestreo se midio los metales pesados en suelos, su relacion con las propiedades edaficas y su concentracion en las plantas de arroz. Se recolectaron muestras de suelo en los 26 sitios, mientras que las plantas fueron monitoreadas en 5 estaciones de muestreo. La metodologia empleada se baso en un analisis de las propiedades fisicas, quimicas de los suelos y sus relaciones mediante un analisis multivariado. Se determino valores promedio de variables: MO 4%, Arcilla 32,7%, Limo 49,8%, Arena 17,5%, pH 6,6, CE 7,9 mS m-1, metales en mg kg-1 Cu 48,8, Fe 8.734, Mn 343, Zn 34, Hg no detectado, Cd 0,15, y Pb 4,4. Las variables evaluadas fueron 12 y se explico el 40,7% en los dos primeros componentes con los autovalores limo y arcilla (CP1) y arcilla y cadmio (CP2). Se observo que existe dispersion entre las localidades; se formaron seis grupos a una distancia euclidiana de 3,22 y algunos grupos presentan congruencia con el analisis de componentes principales. Se evidencio los niveles de metales pesados en suelos de acuerdo al siguiente orden: Fe > Mn > Cu > Zn > Pb > Cd y Hg no detectado. El plomo que se midio en cinco sitios presento en valores promedio minimos y maximos de mg kg-1: en suelos 6,55-8,87; el contenido de la planta de arroz: raiz 3,30-4,40; tallo 2,01-2,60; y hoja 1,80-2,00. Palabras clave: Metales pesados, fitotoxicos, cultivo de arroz, cuencas. ABSTRACT: In the lower basin of Guayas, more in particular in the wetland area, the rice is cultivated on 350.000 ha. An area of 100 km2, covering both sides of the tributary river Babahoyo, situated in the cantons Samborondon and Yaguachi, was selected to study the presence of heavy metals in the top soil and plants. Soil samples were collected in 26 sites, whereas plants were sampled in 5 sampling stations. The concentration of heavy metals in the top soil was related to soil edaphological properties and the concentration in the rice plants, using multivariate analysis. At each site 12 variables were measured resulting over the 26 sites in the following average values: MO 4%, clay 32,7%, loam 49,8%, sand 17,5%, pH 6,6, CE 7,9 mS m-1, metal concentration in mg kg-1 Cu 48,8, Fe 8.734, Mn 343, Zn 34, Hg not detected, Cd 0,15 y Pb 4,4. Statistical analysis revealed that 40,7% of the spatial variability in heavy metals in the top soil is explained by the first two principal components, loam and clay (CP1) and clay and cadmium (CP2). In addition, the 26 sites could be grouped in 6 distinct classes at an euclidian distance of 3,22. Based on the concentration the heavy metals in the top soil rank from high to low as follows: Fe > Mn > Cu > Zn > Pb > Cd and Hg not detected. The concentration of lead in the sites where also the lead concentration was measured in the rice plants, 5 locations in total, ranged in the top soil between 6,55-8,87 mg kg-1, in the roots between 3,30-4,40 mg kg-1, in the stems between 2,01-2,60 mg kg-1, and in the leaves between 1,80 and 2,00 mg kg-1. Keywords: Heavy metals, fytotoxicity, rice crop, basin.

Metales pesados en humedales de arroz en la cuenca baja del río Guayas