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As the cholesterol was considered as major etiological factor in formation of gallstones, gallbladder diseases were considered to be diseases of western world. In UK the prevalence of gallstones at the time of death is estimated to be 17% and may be increasing 1 . The rate is little lower in African and Indian women which is estimated to be 3-5%. But because of westernization of life style incidence of gall stones is increasing in India not just in urban areas but also in rural areas as well. Gall stones are seven times more common in North than in South India 2 . Gall stones are believed to be etiological factor for acute calculus cholecystitis (90% cases of acute cholecystitis) and chronic calculus cholecystitis (95% cases of chronic cholecystitis) .Gall stones are also responsible for some cases of acute pancreatitis 3 . In fact the gall stones are frequently present (88-95%) in patients of gall bladder carcinoma.

Gallbladder Diseases in Rural India with Special Emphasis on Etiology and Risk Factors