English (United Kingdom)

https://curated-unify.zendy.io/wp-json/zendy-region/v1/featured_content/oa?rat=en

https://curated-unify.zendy.io/wp-json/zendy-region/v1/highlighted_journal/

Global: Zendy Plus annual

Presents the access of premium content as premium feature

Premium Content

Presents the keyphrase highlighting as premium feature

Keyphrase Highlighting

Presents the summarisation as premium feature

Summarisation

Insights

Presents the pdf analysis as premium feature

PDF Analysis

Presents the zaia usage as premium feature

ZAIA

Global: Zendy Tools annual

Global: Zendy Free Plan

Global: Zendy Tools monthly

Global: Zendy Plus monthly

Pain among adults with ankylosing spondylitis-related inflammatory low back pain (AS-ILBP) is not well-characterized, and individuals with AS-ILBP are frequently misdiagnosed with chronic nonspecific low back pain (CNSLBP). This study digitally quantifies and compares the location and extent of pain between adults with AS-ILBP and those with CNSLBP and examines the relationship between the pain extent and functional, psychological, and condition-specific factors in those with AS-ILBP. Methodology: The location and extent of pain in adults with AS-ILBP (n = 27) or CNSLBP (n = 22) was quantified using a digital pain drawing analysis. Relationships between pain extent and perceived pain intensity and disability, pain-related cognitive factors (back beliefs, fear of movement, pain catastrophizing, pain coping, and self-efficacy), psychological distress, and AS-specific features were examined in those with AS-ILBP. Result: Pain extent in the dorsal region of the body was greater in those with AS-ILBP than in CNSLBP (P < 0.05). In AS-ILBP, the most prevalent pain location was the lumbar region (88.9%), followed by the buttock (70.4%); the frequencies of reported pain in these regions were similar between groups (P > 0.05). The AS-ILBP group more frequently reported pain in the thoracic (70.4%) and cervical (51.8%) regions (P < 0.05). In the AS-ILBP group, larger pain extent was moderately associated with negative back beliefs (rs = –0.44 to –0.41, P < 0.05) and lower self-efficacy (rs = –0.58 to –0.42, P < 0.05), but not with any of functional outcomes. Larger pain extent was associated with higher disease activity (P < 0.05). Conclusion: Adults with AS-ILBP perceive larger pain extent in spinal regions and the degree of pain extent is associated with negative back beliefs, lower self-efficacy, and higher disease activity. Pain drawings may assist in the differential diagnosis of CNSLBP and AS-ILBP. Further, they may aid psychological screening in adults with AS-ILBP.

Comparison of Pain Location and Extent Between Adults with Ankylosing Spondylitis-related Inflammatory versus Chronic Nonspecific Low Back Pain