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Background: County public hospital reform is one of the major tasks proposed in Chinese Healthcare Reform., and the evaluation of hospital reform effectiveness is very important and beneficial since it helps the government to understand the current situation of pilot county public hospitals and smoothly start the reform in all county hospitals. Methods: This study used hospitals data from 2009 to 2012 to evaluate the effectiveness of county public hospital reform through comprehensive service capability. Descriptive analysis method was used, and factor analysis method was used to extract the main factors associated with service capabilities as well as to calculate a composite score. The t-test of two independent-samples methods was used to comparison analyze. Results: The differences of common factor scores (hospital scale and service capacity, treatment quality, service quality, and services efficiency) between pilot and non-pilot hospitals were not statistically significant (P>0.05). The service capability score in 2012 was better than that in 2009 either in pilot or non-pilot group (P<0.05). The pilot hospitals’ service capability score was better than that in non-pilot groups either in 2010 or 2012 (P<0.05). However, the differences from 2009 to 2012 of service capability score between pilot and non-pilot hospitals were not statistically significant. Conclusion: The comprehensive service capability of both pilot and non-pilot group all got improvement. However, county public hospital reform did not significantly play a due good role in improving the service capability in pilot group. The reform was helpful to improve the hospital current situation, but it has not completely achieved policy objectives in the sample hospitals of this study.

Have the Pilot County Hospitals’ Service Capability Been Improved Since the Healthcare Reform? An Analysis of 370 Hospitals in China