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The deep structure and formation of the North Caspian (Precaspian) depression have not been fully understood due to the scarcity of depth studies at 18–22 km. The existing concepts and hypotheses are clearly insufficient to interpret the unexplained facts. New approaches and research efforts are necessary to solve the old problems. The current state of the depression deep structure problems is reviewed, and the existing explanation flaws are demonstrated. The depression consolidated crust has oceanic and riftogenic origin as it has been suggested by the author before. This explanation is supported by the Astrakhan deposit D-2 deep well core data. The Astrakhan-Aktobe zone arched uplift genesis, formation and role in the carbonate platforms emergence are discussed. Deep geothermy and fluid dynamics problems, as well as recent geophysical data are considered in view of the North Caspian depression hydrocarbon prospects.

Current problems in the North Caspian depression geology and oil and gas prospects