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As wireless sensor networks (WSNs) become more advanced, they are gradually applied to various fields, such as medical monitoring, and receive increased attention because of their great potential. WSN localization methods are crucial for numerous applications. To increase localization accuracy, a method is proposed that calculates the number of hops between nodes using the degree of irregularity model. The amorphous method is then adopted to calculate the average distance, and multidimensional scaling is used to estimate the coordinates of unknown nodes. Finally, boundary correction and multipower transmission techniques are adopted to reduce the error of estimation. This integrated localization method reduces localization errors which may occur at each step of distance vector (DV)-hop localization. The proposed method—boundaryimproved amorphous localization with multipower multidimensional scaling (BIA-MMS)— substantially improved the localization accuracy compared with other localization methods when tested through simulations.

Boundary-Improved Distance Vector-Hop Localization Method with Multipower Correction for Wireless Sensor Networks