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In this study, using a biophysical modelling approach, subsidies and taxes were selectively applied on environmentally and non-environmentally friendly technologies (EFTs and NEFTs) respectively, to analyse their effect on technology adoption, soil organic carbon (SOC) abatement and farm revenues under smallholder agriculture in Malawi. Application of subsidies resulted into increased cultivated area but reduced fallow area. As such subsidies had higher SOC abatement under actual cultivated area but lower total abatement on total available arable land when compared to total abatement, resulting from taxes. While taxes were more effective in SOC abatement, they had a negative effect on farm revenues. A subsidy level of $50/ha on EFTs increased farm revenues by 8.4% while a tax level of 50$/ha on NEFTs decreased farm revenues by -5.1%. These results may guide both country policy planning and global negotiations on how to support and optimise soil-based mitigation under smallholder farmers.

asian journal of agriculture and rural development

Effect of different electrical conductivity value and chamfer slope on the growth and results of Kailan (brassica oleracea) acephala variety in hydroponic nutrient film technique