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A careful assessment of the risks and benefits should precede each decision to transfusion allogeneic erythrocytes. Currently, a number of important problem in transfusion medicine is very controversial, most importantly the influence of different transfusion thresholds on clinical outcome. The purpose of this article is to highlight some features regarding to effectiveness, outcomes and risks, as well as to present a new trend in the recommendations for blood transfusion. In our days there is a general consensus about the decision to transfuse blood to a specific patient should be based primarily on his/her need for global and regional oxygen delivery and consumption, i.e. on clinical assessment of signs of insufficient global and regional tissue oxygenation, which can vary significantly depending on the individual characteristics of the patient (reactivity features). Evaluation of these signs - physiological triggers of transfusion - requires a deep knowledge of the physiology and pathophysiology of blood transfusions and clinical experience. Actualization of theoretical knowledge and the formation of clinical experience on this problem will permit a physician to make decisions about blood transfusion with the lowest risk for the patient. However, quantitative criteria for individual blood indicators - numerical triggers of transfusion - can be useful in some situations, for example, when monitoring is insufficient or due to the lack of adequate sufficient experience of medical personnel.

EVOLUTION OF POINTS OF VIEW ON HEMOTRANSFUSION FROM THE POSITION OF A PATHOPHYSIOLOGIST