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Scapteriscus vicinus Scudder and S. borellii Giglio-Tos, the tawny and southern mole crickets, respectively, are serious pests of turfgrasses in the southeastern United States. The systematics, reproductive behavior, flight phenology, population estimation, and biological control of both species have been investigated (Forrest, T. G. 1979. Fla. Entomol. 63: 45-53; Walker, T. J. 1984. Florida Agr. Exp. Stn. Bull. 846; Hudson, W. G., J. H. Frank and J. L. Castner. 1988. Bull. Entomol. Soc. Am. 34: 192-198, Hudson, W. G. 1989. Fla. Entomol. 72: 337-343). However, development and implementation of integrated management programs for these pests remains hampered by a lack of knowledge of their basic biology and ecology. This study reports details of the developmental and reproductive biology useful in evaluating field experiments and in designing management strategies. Night-flying crickets of each species were attracted to speakers broadcasting synthetically produced and amplified species-specific songs and collected during April, 1991, in Tifton, GA. Crickets were transported to Griffin, GA, sorted by species and gender, paired, and confined in 8-cm diam, 15-cm deep PVC pipe cages containing moist sand. Crickets were fed daily a restricted diet of Cricket ChoW® (from Purina). Clear plastic petri dish lids were used as the top and bottom closures of the cages. Eggs deposited by females (visible through the clear lower lid) were collected daily. Eggs were transferred to 120-ml plastic specimen cups containing moist sand and monitored daily for eclosion. Nymphs were housed individually in plastic specimen cups and fed Purina Cricket Chow daily. Nymphs were checked daily and were marked with a small spot of white nail polish on the abdomen to permit determination of number of nymphal molts. All crickets were held in environmental chambers (Percival Co., Boone, Iowa) at 27°C, 15:9 (L:D).

Progeny Production, Number of Instars, and Duration of Development of Tawny and Southern Mole Crickets (Orthoptera: Gryllotalpidae)