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Momphidae is a primarily Holarctic gelechioid family, comprising 60 described species in six genera (Koster & Sinev 2003; Pohl et al. 2010). About 40 named species are known from the United States and Canada, although there are potentially many species yet to be described (Powell & Opler 2009). The North American fauna is represented predominantly by the genus Mompha, unique among lepidopteran genera for specializing on the family Onagraceae. Adult Mompha are small moths, with forewing lengths varying from ~2.5 to 8 mm. Larvae are typically leaf miners or stem miners, while a few species induce galls in plant stems and tips (Koster & Sinev 2003). Oenothera and Epilobium are the most common host genera in western North America (Powell & Opler 2009). Host damage varies, from little or no obvious damage to significant depredation that can reduce host plant fecundity (Doak 1992; DeWalt 2006). The host specificity displayed by some Mompha species makes them potentially valuable biological control agents for weeds (Bradley et al. 1973; Winder 2002; Culliney et al. 2003). Mompha epilobiella ([Denis & Schiffermüller] 1775) is common throughout Europe, parts of Asia Minor, and low-lying regions of Central Asia (Koster & Sinev 2003). The species is typically associated with marshes and wetlands in Europe, as is its primary host plant, Epilobium hirsutum L. Other infrequent hosts include E. montanum L., E. palustre L., Chamaenerion angustifolium (L.), and Oenothera sp. (Koster & Sinev 2003). Ivinskis (1982) records larvae of M. epilobiella from Lythrum salicaria L. (purple loosestrife) and Eupatorium cannibinum L. in the 1970s but provides no evidence of successful rearing. Early instars mine leaves and bore into flower buds, whereas later-stage larvae feed in clumps of webbed apical leaves (Koster & Sinev 2003). Mature larvae pupate between leaves, and the species overwinters in the adult stage (Koster & Sinev 2003). Epilobium hirsutum is a Eurasian introduction to North America and a widespread weed of natural and man-made wetlands in the northeastern United States and adjacent Canada, as well as Oregon, Washington, and British Columbia in the Pacific Northwest. The plant is commonly associated with ballast sites and was sometimes introduced inadvertently via that pathway; in some of the earliest records from the eastern seaboard it was recorded sporadically in “waste sites” (Trelease 1891). Its spread was likely aided by its status as an ornamental plant (Stuckey 1970). At one time the species was sold in nurseries, and some Washington gardeners considered it an attractive replacement for purple loosestrife (L. Baldwin pers. comm.). The plant has been known from Washington State since the 1930s, with the earliest detections made in Klickitat County (WTU 2011). To date, E. hirsutum has been found in eleven counties in Washington. Franklin, Island, Klickitat, and Whatcom have infestations of up to 40 hectares, while the remaining counties all report infestations under four hectares (WSDOE 2010). The plant is categorized as a class B noxious weed in Washington State, and its sale and transport are prohibited (WAC 16-752-505). In Whatcom County in particular, E. hirsutum has become established in several wetlands, often cooccurring with purple loosestrife, another class B noxious weed. When established, E. hirsutum can form large, nearly monotypic stands, often replacing more diverse assemblages of native species. Mompha epilobiella was collected relatively recently in New York and Quebec (Sinev 1996). We report here the first records of M. epilobiella from the western

Mompha epilobiella(Momphidae), a European Moth in the Pacific Northwest, with Notes on Associated Parasitoids