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. In the present work chromosomal polymorphism is studied on the basis or cariotypes analisis of more than 100 species and intraspecific forms of Mammalia of the Caucasus. Divergence of branches on the phylogenetic trees received on different chromosomal reorganization is ambiguous, that is probably the consentience of recent and fast separation from the basic trunk of some groups. It is noticed for the first time that the morphological evolution was not always accompanied by visible chro-mosomal reorganization and the contrary. The obtained data testifies in favour of chromosomal formation of species in some genera: Talpa , Sicista , Pitymys , Microtus etc. Introduction. Studying of chromosomal polymorphism and the role of chromosomal rearrangement in the formation of reproductive isolation is important in evolutionary researches. Robertson type chromosomal rearrangements, redistribution of heterochromatic material and chromosome division have dominating role in the evolution of karyotype.

THE PECULIARITIES OF CARIOTYPIC EVOLUTION OF MAMMALIS IN THE CAUCASUS MOUNTAINS