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espanolResumen: El termino “Yoloxochitl” se ha asociado historicamente con Magnolia mexicana (Magnoliaceae), especie amenazada por la disminucion en sus poblaciones y areas donde prospera. La presencia de dos arboles unicos posiblemente de esta especie en Malinalco y Zumpahuacan, Estado de Mexico, genera interrogantes sobre su historia y alcances de su distribucion. El objetivo del presente estudio fue establecer las relaciones moleculares y morfologicas existentes entre dichos individuos, con otros de M. mexicana presentes en Zongolica, Veracruz. Se colectaron muestras de tejido vegetal, y se determinaron 18 caracteres morfologicos de arboles provenientes de los municipios del Estado de Mexico, asi como de M. mexicana, provenientes de Acontla y La Quinta en Zongolica, Veracruz. Asi mismo, como referentes de contraste molecular, se utilizaron muestras de M. dealbata y M. grandiflora. Se analizaron 14 iniciadores RAPD que amplificaron 205 bandas, obteniendo valores promedio PIC de 0.30 y RP de 5.42, respectivamente. Los iniciadores OPA7, OPA8 y E18 mostraron la mayor capacidad discriminante. El analisis de agrupamiento formo tres conjuntos, dos de ellos para los referentes M. grandiflora y M. dealbata, y el tercero, agrupo a M. mexicana con los individuos de Malinalco y Zumpahuacan, compartiendo una similitud genetica del 87 y 90% respectivamente. Se observo ademas variacion morfologica en 14 de 18 caracteres entre los individuos provenientes de Veracruz y los del Estado de Mexico. Los resultados indicaron que los arboles de Yoloxochitl de Malinalco y Zumpahuacan pertenecen a la seccion Talauma, sin embargo, muestran amplia variacion morfologica respecto a M. mexicana. EnglishAbstract: The term "Yoloxochitl" has historically been associated with Magnolia Mexicana (Magnoliaceae), a threatened species due to the decrease in its populations and areas where it thrives. The presence of two trees possibly of this species in Malinalco and Zumpahuacan, State of Mexico, raises questions about its history and scope of its distribution. The objective of the present study was to establish the existing molecular and morphological relationships between these individuals, with others of M. mexicana present in Zongolica, Veracruz. Samples of plant tissue were collected, and 18 morphological characters of trees from the municipalities of the State of Mexico, as well as M. mexicana, from Acontla and La Quinta in Zongolica Vercruz were determined. Also, as references of molecular contrast, samples of M. dealbata and M. grandiflora were used. 14 RAPD primers were analyzed, that amplified 205 bands, obtaining average PIC values ​​of 0.30 and RP of 5.42, respectively. The cluster analysis formed three sets, two of them for the referents M. grandiflora and M. dealbata, and the third, grouped M. mexicana with the individuals of Malinalco and Zumpahuacan, sharing a genetic similarity of 87 and 90 % respectively. Morphological variation was also observed in 14 of 18 characters between individuals from Veracruz and those of the State of Mexico. The results indicated that the Yoloxochitl trees of Malinalco and Zumpahuacan belong to the Talauma section, however, they show a wide morphological variation with respect to M. mexicana.

Comparación molecular y morfológica entre ejemplares de Magnolia mexicana “Yoloxóchitl” (Magnoliaceae) del Estado de México y Veracruz