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Chemical shift-encoded imaging (CSEI) is the most common magnetic resonance imaging fat-water separation method. However, when high spatial resolution fat fraction (FF) images are desired, CSEI might be challenging owing to the increased interecho spacing. Here, 3 T 2 -based methods have been assessed as alternative methods for obtaining high-resolution FF images. Images from the calf of 10 healthy volunteers were acquired; FF maps were then estimated using 3 T 2 -based methods (2- and 3-parameter nonlinear least squares fit and a Bayesian probability method) and CSEI for reference. In addition, simulations were conducted to characterize the performance of various methods. Here, all T 2 -based methods resulted in qualitatively improved high-resolution FF images compared with high-resolution CSEI. The 2-parameter fit showed best quantitative agreement to low-resolution CSEI, even at low FF. The estimated T 2 -values of fat and water, and the estimated muscle FF of the calf, agreed well with previously published data. In conclusion, T 2 -based methods can provide improved high-resolution FF images of the calf compared with the CSEI method.

High-Resolution MR Imaging of Muscular Fat Fraction—Comparison of Three T2-Based Methods and Chemical Shift-Encoded Imaging